Open Sites & Derelict Properties
Section 215 (s215) of the Town & Country Planning Act 1990
(the Act) provides a local planning authority (LPA) with the power,
in certain circumstances, to take steps requiring land to be
cleaned up when its condition adversely affects the amenity of the
area. If it appears that the amenity of part of their area is being
adversely affected by the condition of neighbouring land and
buildings, they may serve a notice on the owner requiring that the
situation be remedied. These notices set out the steps that need to
be taken, and the time within which they must be carried out. LPAs
also have powers under s219 to undertake the clean up works
themselves and to recover the costs from the landowner.
The use of s215 by LPAs is discretionary and it is therefore up
to the LPA to decide whether a notice under these provisions would
be appropriate in a particular case, taking into account all the
local circumstances.
'Amenity', is a broad concept and not formally defined in the
legislation or procedural guidance, ie it is a matter of fact and
degree and, certainly common sense. LA's therefore need to consider
the condition of the site, the impact on the surrounding area and
the scope of their powers in tackling the problem before they
decide to issue a notice.
In some circumstances s215 notices may be used in conjunction
with other powers, for example, repair notices in respect of listed
buildings or dangerous structure notices.
The most important message that LPAs should be aware of is that
s215 action can be taken against land and buildings – in
s336 of the Act the definition of ‘land’ includes a building.
Successful s215 action has been both complaint-driven and
proactive. It is one of a number of provisions available to LPAs
for maintaining and improving the quality of the environment,
assisting in tackling dereliction and retaining land in productive
use. As such, it can be carried out as a stand-alone process or in
partnership with other agencies. Wherever possible, however, action
using s215 needs to be combined with proactive measures such as
empty homes strategies, development briefs and public/private
funding programmes, as well as other reactive enforcement and
development control tools (including conditions and legal
agreements on
planning permission). Through the planning application process
and the use of
conditions, local authorities can encourage ‘the creation and
maintenance of
attractive, successful places in which people are happy to live,
work and take their
leisure.’
Section 215 has been effectively used on large vacant industrial
sites, town centre street frontages, rural sites, derelict
buildings, and semi-complete development as well as the more
typical rundown residential properties and overgrown gardens. In
certain circumstances, early consideration of the use of s215 could
prevent a need for use of s54 of the Planning (Listed Buildings
& Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (Urgent Works Notice). LPAs
should use s215 powers proactively; they should not just be
complaint-led.
The scope of works that can be required in s215 notices is wide
and includes planting, clearance, tidying, enclosure, demolition,
re-building, external repairs and repainting.
Potential sites can sometimes go beyond the remit of a s215
notice so there may be other more appropriate powers that an LPA
can rely upon in order to effect a remedy, for example:
- ss76-79 of the Building Act for defective premises, dangerous
buildings, ruinous and dilapidated buildings and neglected
sites;
- s29 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982
for works on unoccupied buildings;
- ss79-82 of the Environmental Protection Act for abatement or
prohibition of a nuisance;
- Listed building legislation such as Repairs and Urgent Works
Notices;
- Completion Notices; and
- Compulsory Purchase Orders.
There are many issues associated with buildings and land in
disrepair. LPAs are encouraged to work with parties across their
council, for example empty homes, environmental health and grant
providers, such as town centre management or New Deal bodies.